Emboldened Ukraine’s grit, US wants to see Russia weakened

The United States toughened its messaging on the Ukraine war on Monday, saying the American aim was not just to thwart the Russian invasion but also to weaken Russia so it could no longer carry out such military aggression anywhere.
The aim was stated in explicit terms the highest-ranking Biden adminration delegation to visit Ukraine since the war began. It reflected an emboldened intent to counter Russia giving more numerous and powerful arms to the Ukrainians, who have battled Russian forces with unexpected tenacity, sapped Kremlin resources and flustered President Vladimir Putin’s hope for a quick victory.
The American delegation also announced that the United States would reopen its embassy in the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv — another signal aimed at portraying Russia as headed toward defeat. The embassy, closed in the run-up to the Feb. 24 invasion, will be led a newly appointed ambassador.

The American visit itself, led over the weekend Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin and Secretary of State Antony Blinken, was completed early Monday and amounted to a risky dare to Russia, which has been seeking to subjugate Ukraine force for more than two months. Russia has demanded that the United States and its NATO allies quit supplying advanced arms to Ukraine’s military.
Although the trip was supposed to be secret, word leaked, and Russia rained rockets on at least five Ukrainian rail stations hours after the visitors had finished talks with President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv and then traveled rail to Poland, which can take 11 hours. It is unclear whether they were in Ukraine during any part of those attacks or whether Russia had been targeting them.
Ukraine’s railways and other infrastructure are important for funneling Western-supplied weapons and aid to the combat zones in the former Soviet republic, which Putin has said he does not consider a real country.
Speaking in Poland after the trip, Austin said that Russia had suffered significant military losses, including “a lot of its troops.” He said the Pentagon was working to ensure that Russia could not “very quickly reproduce that capability.”

Austin and Blinken planned to hold detailed discussions on what support Ukraine needed to prevail at a meeting with allies Tuesday in Germany. “We want to see Russia weakened to the degree it cannot do the kinds of things that it has done in invading Ukraine,” Austin said.
The United States has agreed to provide not only advanced American-made weapons to Ukraine but also newly made ammunition for Soviet-designed arms, since the Ukrainian forces still use many weapons dating to that time. On Monday, the State Department said the United States was giving Ukraine $165 million in artillery shells, rockets and grenades compatible with Soviet-designed weapons.
Blinken, who said that Russia had already been thwarted in its goal of destroying the Ukrainian state, told reporters that he expected the U.S. Embassy in Kyiv to reopen in a few weeks. The adminration nominated Bridget Brink, the current U.S. ambassador to Slovakia, as the new envoy to Ukraine.
“Russia is failing,” Blinken said. “Ukraine is succeeding.”
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There was every sign Monday that Russia saw the visit as a provocation to escalate the conflict. Besides the rocket assaults on Ukraine’s railways, Russian attacks in the east knocked out electricity for the entire province of Luhansk, leaving tens of thousands without power, local government officials said.
Elsewhere, an Orthodox Easter lull was shattered in the northeast city of Kharkiv, where Russia resumed shelling and widened the devastation. And on the other side of the country, explosions shook Transnria, a Russia-aligned breakaway region of Moldova that borders Ukraine. Hundreds of Russian troops are deployed in Transnria, and Ukrainian defense officials accused Russia of causing the explosions as a pretext to invade Ukraine from that direction.
Other developments Monday pointed to further escalation. Russia said it was expelling 40 German diplomats in response to Germany’s expulsion of Russians. And in Bryansk, a Russian logical military hub less than 100 miles from the Ukrainian border, large fires of mysterious origins engulfed oil storage depots.
Sasha, a Ukrainian soldier, embraces his wife, Anya, after seeing her for the first time since Feb. 24, in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. (Lynsey Addario/The New York Times)
Russia’s initial aim of conquering Ukraine besieging the capital and bombarding other big cities was hampered flawed logics, poor soldier morale and fierce resance that forced a Russian retreat. In a new phase of the war, the Russians have been focusing their attacks on securing eastern Ukraine, where Russia-backed separats have been fighting since 2014.
Several Biden adminration officials said the messaging Austin and Blinken was partly aimed at giving Zelenskyy the strongest possible hand for what they expect will be some kind of cease-fire negotiations in coming months.
But the messaging also could reinforce Putin’s assertions that the Ukraine war is really about the future of Russia, which sees neighboring Ukraine’s pro-Western bent as a direct threat. And casting the American goal as a weakened Russia, the adminration has more explicitly stated its determination to contain the Russian leader’s power.
Zlata, 8, and Arena Bioko, 18, sers who were separated, reunite after fleeing the Russian-occupied town of Berdyansk one week apart, in Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine. (Lynsey Addario/The New York Times)
Zelenskyy has grown bolder recently, saying that Western nations are now providing the heavy weaponry he has been seeking. He has, though, also been forthright in assessing the dire military situation for Ukrainian troops who are surrounded inside a steel factory in Mariupol, the southeast port city besieged Russia that has become a symbol of the war’s devastation.
Speaking at a news conference Saturday, Zelenskyy said the Ukrainian army has at times ceded territory in the fighting in the country’s east but also recaptured areas.
“This is the situation in the eastern regions every day,” he said. “We can give a piece of territory, but during the nighttime, we bring it back.”
File photo of crowds in Red Square in Moscow on the day President Vladimir Putin asked Parliament to accept Crimea into the Russian Federation, March 18, 2014. For years, the United States sent mixed signals about its interests in Ukraine, then Putin made his move. (James Hill/The New York Times)
The Ukrainian army, he said, had already demonstrated an ability to repel Russian forces. “I’d like to give you the example of Kyiv,” he said. “We freed the territory, we de-occupied the territory.”
Zelenskyy spoke firmly of achieving a victory in the east, too, saying it was vital for Ukraine’s future. “Everything they try to break, we will bring it back,” he said.
The NATO alliance has said it would not commit troops to fight Russia, which could further escalate what already is the worst armed conflict in Europe since World War II. NATO also has rejected pleas Zelenskyy to impose a no-fly zone over his country, which is not a NATO member.
But Zelenskyy’s leadership, and the successful use of NATO-supplied weapons his armed forces against the Russians, have increasingly strengthened his stature in the West, where he is viewed as a gutsy protagon standing up to the bullying of Putin.

The Russian president, who has shown contempt for Zelenskyy, appears to have ruled out any direct contact with him for now. But Putin has agreed to see U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres, who was scheduled to meet him Tuesday in Moscow before heading to Kyiv to see Zelenskyy. The visits are the most active diplomatic effort to halt the war Guterres, whose pleas for a cease-fire have basically been ignored.
Political analysts said Zelenskyy’s defiance of Putin was likely to remain an acute source of irritation to the Russian leader, whose decision to go to war has not only isolated Russia economically but also given him few tangible victories to show his own people.
“Even if there’s a frozen conflict that comes after a degree of Russian ‘success’ in this second phase of the war, Zelenskyy emerges from the fighting a global hero, a David who stared down Russia’s Goliath, running a country that Putin considers illegitimate,” said Ian Bremmer, president and founder of the Eurasia Group, a political-risk consulting organization. Zelenskyy’s presence, Bremmer said, “is a direct threat to Putin, making the Russian president look weak.”